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Exif file format Japanese document

Description of Exif file format

Currently, most of new digicam use Exif file format to store images. This specification was made by JEIDA, but there is no open document in internet. So I made tiny description about Exif from some of open documents that can get from internet.

Add: Now we can get official document of Exif2.1 from PIMA's website.

ISO is now working to build DCF (Design rule for Camera File system) Specification. The entire digicam manufacturer is moving to adopt it and their newest digicam already uses DCF. DCF defines whole file-system of digicam; directory structure, file naming method, character set and file format etc. The file format of DCF is based on Exif2.1 specification.

I believe this document is basically based on Exif2.1/DCF specification, if you have information about 'unknown' item or find errata, please e-mail me, TsuruZoh Tachibanaya , t s u r u z o h @ b a . w a k w a k . c o m

This is a FREE document, you may use this document for any purpose (commercial/non-commercial) of all/part of this document. All trade names mentioned in this document are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.

TsuruZoh Tachibanaya, t s u r u z o h @ b a . w a k w a k . c o m

http://www.ba.wakwak.com/~tsuruzoh/

rev. 1.4 Feb.03,2001
rev. 1.3 Sep.09,2000
rev. 1.2 Jul.19,2000
rev. 1.1 Dec.19,1999
rev. 1.0 May.28,1999

Referenced materials

Exif file format written by itojun (Japanese language document)
Exif file format written by Mamoru Ohno (Japanese language document)
TIFF6.0 Specification written by Adobe
TIFF/EP Specification written by ISO TC42 WG18
exifdump program written by Thierry Boush
DCF Specification written by ISO TC42 WG18
Exif2.1 Specification written by JEIDA

What is Exif format?
JPEG format and Marker
Marker used by Exif
Exif data structure
Tag number used by Exif/TIFF
Appendix 1: MakerNote of Olympus digicams
Appendix 2: MakerNote of Nikon digicams
Appendix 3: MakerNote of Casio digicams
Appendix 4: MakerNote of Fujifilm digicams
Appendix 5: MakerNote of Canon digicams
History
Acknowledgement

What is Exif file format?

Basically, Exif file format is the same as JPEG file format. Exif inserts some of image/digicam information data and thumbnail image to JPEG in conformity to JPEG specification. Therefore you can view Exif format image files by JPEG compliant Internet browser/Picture viewer/Photo retouch software etc. as a usual JPEG image files.

JPEG format and Marker

Every JPEG file starts from binary value '0xFFD8', ends by binary value '0xFFD9'. There are several binary 0xFFXX data in JPEG data, they are called as "Marker", and it means the period of JPEG information data. 0xFFD8 means SOI(Start of image), 0xFFD9 means EOI(End of image). These two special Markers have no data following, the other Markers have data with it. Basic format of Marker is below.

0xFF+Marker Number(1 byte)+Data size(2 bytes)+Data(n bytes)

Data size(2 Bytes) has "Motorola" byte align, starts from bigger digits. Please notice that "Data" contains Data size descriptor, if there is a Marker like this;

FF C1 00 0C

It means this Marker(0xFFC1) has 0x000C(equal 12)bytes of data. But the data size '12' includes "Data size" descriptor, it follows only 10 bytes of data after 0x000C.

In JPEG format, some of Markers describe data, then SOS(Start of stream) Marker placed. After the SOS marker, JPEG image stream starts and terminated by EOI Marker.

SOI Marker	Marker XX size=SSSS			Marker YY size=TTTT			SOS Marker size=UUUU			Image stream	EOI Marker
FFD8	FFXX	SSSS	DDDD......	FFYY	TTTT	DDDD......	FFDA	UUUU	DDDD....	I I I I....	FFD9

Marker used by Exif

The marker 0xFFE0~0xFFEF is named "Application Marker", not necessary for decoding JPEG image. They are used by user application. For example, older olympus/canon/casio/agfa digicam use JFIF(JPEG File Interchange Format) for storing images. JFIF uses APP0(0xFFE0) Marker for inserting digicam configuration data and thumbnail image.

Also Exif uses an Application Marker for inserting data, but Exif uses APP1(0xFFE1) Marker to avoid a conflict with JFIF format. Every Exif file formats starts from this format;

SOI Marker	APP1 Marker	APP1 Data	Other Marker
FFD8	FFE1	SSSS 457869660000 TTTT......	FFXX SSSS DDDD......

It starts from SOI(0xFFD8) Marker, so it's a JPEG file. Then APP1 Marker follows immediately. All the data of Exif are stored in this APP1 data area. The part of "SSSS" on upper table means the size of APP1 data area (Exif data area). Please notice that the size "SSSS" includes the size of descriptor itself also.

After the "SSSS", APP1 data starts. The first part is a special data to identify whether Exif or not, ASCII character "Exif" and 2bytes of 0x00 are used.

After the APP1 Marker area, the other JPEG Markers follows.

Exif data structure

Roughly structure of Exif data (APP1) is shown as below. This is a case of "Intel" byte aligns and it contains JPEG format thumbnail. As described above, Exif data is starts from ASCII character "Exif" and 2bytes of 0x00, and then Exif data follows. Exif uses TIFF format to store data. For more details of TIFF format, please refer to "TIFF6.0 specification".

FFE1	APP1 Marker
SSSS	APP1 Data	APP1 Data Size
45786966 0000		Exif Header
49492A00 08000000		TIFF Header
XXXX. . . .		IFD0 (main image)			Directory
LLLLLLLL					Link to IFD1
XXXX. . . .		Data area of IFD0
XXXX. . . .			Exif SubIFD		Directory
00000000					End of Link
XXXX. . . .			Data area of Exif SubIFD
XXXX. . . .				Interoperability IFD	Directory
00000000					End of Link
XXXX. . . .				Data area of Interoperability IFD
XXXX. . . .				Makernote IFD	Directory
00000000					End of Link
XXXX. . . .				Data area of Makernote IFD
XXXX. . . .		IFD1(thumbnail image)			Directory
00000000					End of Link
XXXX. . . .		Data area of IFD1
FFD8XXXX. . . XXXXFFD9		Thumbnail image

Structure of TIFF header

First 8bytes of TIFF format are TIFF header. First 2bytes defines byte align of TIFF data. If it is 0x4949="I I", it means "Intel" type byte align. If it is 0x4d4d="MM", it means "Motorola" type byte align. For example, value '305,419,896' is noted as 0x12345678 by sixteenth system. At the Motorola align, it is stored as 0x12,0x34,0x56,0x78. If it's Intel align, it is stored as 0x78,0x56,0x34,0x12. It seems that most of digicam uses Intel align. Ricoh uses Motorola align. Sony uses Intel align except D700. Kodak DC200/210/240 use Motorola aligns, but DC220/260 use Intel aligns though they are using PowerPC! Therefore when we need the value of Exif data, we MUST check byte align every time. Though JPEG data uses Motorola align only, Exif allows both alignments. I can't understand why Exif didn't fix a byte align to Motorola.

Next 2bytes are always 2bytes-length value of 0x002A. If the data uses Intel align, next 2bytes are "0x2a,0x00". If it uses Motorola, they are "0x00,0x2a". The last 4bytes of TIFF header are an offset to the first IFD(Image File Directory, described in next chapter). Includes this offset, all the offset value used in TIFF format counts offset bytes from the first of TIFF header("I I" or "MM"). Usually the first IFD starts immediately next to TIFF header, so this offset has value '0x00000008'.

Byte align	TAG Mark	Offset to first IFD
"I I" or "MM"	0x002a	0x00000008

IFD : Image file directory

Next to TIFF header, there is the first IFD:Image File Directory. It contains image information data. At the chart below, the first 2bytes('EEEE') means the number of directory entry contains in this IFD. Then directory entry (12bytes per entry) follows. After last directory entry, there is a 4bytes of data('LLLLLLLL' at the chart), it means an offset to next IFD. If its value is '0x00000000', it means this is the last IFD and there is no linked IFD.

EEEE				No. of directory entry
TTTT	ffff	NNNNNNNN	DDDDDDDD	Entry 0
TTTT	ffff	NNNNNNNN	DDDDDDDD	Entry 1
. . . . . . . . .				. . . . . .
TTTT	ffff	NNNNNNNN	DDDDDDDD	Entry EEEE-1
LLLLLLLL				Offset to next IFD

'TTTT'(2bytes) of above chart is Tag number, this shows a kind of data. 'ffff'(2bytes) is data format, 'NNNNNNNN'(4bytes) is number of components. 'DDDDDDDD'(4bytes) contains a data value or offset to data value.

Data format

Data format ('ffff' at the above chart) is defined as below. "rational" means a fractional value, it contains 2-signed/unsigned long integer values, and the first represents the numerator, and the second, the denominator.

Value	1	2	3	4	5	6
Format	unsigned byte	ascii strings	unsigned short	unsigned long	unsigned rational	signed byte
Bytes/component	1	1	2	4	8	1

Value	7	8	9	10	11	12
Format	undefined	signed short	signed long	signed rational	single float	double float
Bytes/component	1	2	4	8	4	8

You can get the total data byte length by multiplies a 'bytes/components' value (see above chart) by number of components stored 'NNNNNNNN' area. If total data length is less than 4bytes, 'DDDDDDDD' contains the value of that Tag. If its size is over 4bytes, 'DDDDDDDD' contains the offset to data stored address.

IFD data structure

At Exif format, the first IFD is IFD0(IFD of main image), then it links to IFD1(IFD of thumbnail image) and IFD link is terminated. But IFD0/IFD1 doesn't contain any digicam's information such as shutter speed, focal length etc. IFD0 always contains special Tag Exif Offset (0x8769), it shows an offset to Exif SubIFD. Exif SubIFD is IFD formatted data also, it contains digicam's information.

In case of Extended Exif format (Exif2.1/DCF), Exif SubIFD contains special Tag Exif Interoperability Offset (0xa005). It also points to the Interoperability IFD. By the DCF specification, this tag is mandatory and both SubIFD (main image IFD) and IFD1 (thumbnail image IFD) may have Interoperability IFD. In usual, only main image have this tag.

And some of digicam uses IFD data format for Makernote; Maker-specific magic number area. It's very hard to decision whether makernote is IFD format or not, be careful to coding program. See Appendix for information of Makernote.

0000: 49 49 2A 00 08 00 00 00-02 00 1A 01 05 00 01 00
0010: 00 00 26 00 00 00 69 87-04 00 01 00 00 00 11 02
0020: 00 00 40 00 00 00 48 00-00 00 01 00 00 00

If the first part of TIFF data is above, it can read as;

The first 2bytes are "I I", byte align is 'Intel'.
Address 0x0004~0x0007 is 0x08000000, IFD0 starts from address '0x0008'
Address 0x0008~0x0009 is 0x0200, number of directory entry of IFD0 is '2'.
Address 0x000a~0x000b is 0x1A01, it means this is an XResolution(0x011A) Tag, it contains a horizontal resolution of image.
Address 0x000c~0x000d is 0x0500, format of this value is unsigned rational(0x0005).
Address 0x000e~0x0011 is 0x01000000, number of components is '1'. Unsigned rational's data size is 8bytes/components, so total data length is 1x8=8bytes.
Total data length is larger than 4bytes, so next 4bytes contains an offset to data.
Address 0x0012~0x0015 is 0x26000000, XResolution data is stored to address 0x0026
Address 0x0026~0x0029 is 0x48000000, numerator is 72, address 0x002a~0x002d is 0x0100000000, denominator is '1'. So the value of XResoultion is 72/1.
Address0x0016~0x0017 is 0x6987, next Tag is ExifOffset(0x8769). Its value is an offset to Exif SubIFD
Data format is 0x0004, unsigned long integer.
This Tag has one component. Unsigned long integer's data size is 4bytes/components, so total data size is 4bytes.
Total data size is equal to 4bytes, next 4bytes contains the value of Exif SubIFD offset.
Address 0x001e~0x0021 is 0x11020000, Exif SubIFD starts from address '0x0211'.
This is the last directory entry, next 4bytes shows an offset to next IFD.
Address 0x0022~0x0025 is 0x40000000, next IFD starts from address '0x0040'

Thumbnail image

Exif format contains thumbnail of image (except Ricoh RDC-300Z). Usually it is located next to the IFD1. There are 3 formats for thumbnails; JPEG format(JPEG uses YCbCr), RGB TIFF format, YCbCr TIFF format. It seems that JPEG format and 160x120 pixels of size are recommended thumbnail format for Exif2.1 or later. By the DCF specification, thumbnail image MUST use JPEG format and image size is fixed to 160x120 pixels.

JPEG format thumbnail

If the value of Compression(0x0103) Tag in IFD1 is '6', thumbnail image format is JPEG. Most of Exif image uses JPEG format for thumbnail. In that case, you can get offset of thumbnail from JpegIFOffset(0x0201) Tag in IFD1, size of thumbnail from JpegIFByteCount(0x0202) Tag. Data format is ordinary JPEG format, starts from 0xFFD8 and ends by 0xFFD9.

TIFF format thumbnail

If the value of Compression(0x0103) Tag in IFD1 is '1', thumbnail image format is no compression(called TIFF image). Start point of thumbnail data is StripOffset(0x0111) Tag, size of thumbnail is the sum of StripByteCounts(0x0117) Tag.

If thumbnail uses no compression and PhotometricInterpretation(0x0106)Tag in IFD1 has a value '2', thumbnail uses RGB format. In that case, you can see thumbnail image by simply copy data to computer's RGB format(such as BMP format, or copy to VRAM directory). Kodak DC-210/220/260 uses this format. Be mention that at TIFF stores pixel data as 'RGB' order, but BMP stores 'BGR' order.
If that tag has a value '6', thumbnail uses YCbCr format. If you want to see thumbnail, you must convert it to RGB. Ricoh RDC4200/4300, Fuji DS-7/300 and DX-5/7/9 use this format(newer RDC5000/MX-X00 series use JPEG). Next section is brief description to conversion of Fuji DS's thumbnail. For more details, refer to TIFF6.0 specification.

At DX-5/7/9, YCbCrSubsampling(0x0212) has values of '2,1', PlanarConfiguration(0x011c) has a value '1'. So the data align of this image is below.

Y(0,0),Y(1,0),Cb(0,0),Cr(0,0), Y(2,0),Y(3,0),Cb(2,0),Cr(3.0), Y(4,0),Y(5,0),Cb(4,0),Cr(4,0). . . .

The numeric in parenthesis is pixel coordinates. DX series' YCbCrCoefficients(0x0211) has values '0.299/0.587/0.114', ReferenceBlackWhite(0x0214) has values '0,255,128,255,128,255'. Therefore to convert from Y/Cb/Cr to RGB is;

B(0,0)=(Cb-128)*(2-0.114*2)+Y(0,0)
R(0,0)=(Cr-128)*(2-0.299*2)+Y(0,0)
G(0,0)=(Y(0,0)-0.114*B(0,0)-0.299*R(0,0))/0.587

Horizontal subsampling is a value '2', so you can calculate B(1,0)/R(1,0)/G(1,0) by using the Y(1,0) and Cr(0,0)/Cb(0,0). Repeat this conversion by value of ImageWidth(0x0100) and ImageLength(0x0101).

Tag number used by Exif/TIFF

Tag numbers used by Exif/TIFF are shown as below. If the Tag has upper limit of components number, CompoNo column has numeric value. If it has no value, there is no limitation.

Tags used by IFD0 (main image)

Tag No.

Tag Name

Format

CompoNo

Desc.

0x010e

ImageDescription

ascii string

Describes image. Two-byte character code such as Chinese/Korean/Japanese cannot be used.

0x010f

Make

ascii string

Shows manufacturer of digicam. In the Exif standard, this tag is optional, but it is mandatory for DCF.

0x0110

Model

ascii string

Shows model number of digicam. In the Exif standard, this tag is optional, but it is mandatory for DCF.

0x0112

Orientation

unsigned short

Value	0th Row	0th Column
1	top	left side
2	top	right side
3	bottom	right side
4	bottom	left side
5	left side	top
6	right side	top
7	right side	bottom
8	left side	bottom

The orientation of the camera relative to the scene, when the image was captured. The relation of the '0th row' and '0th column' to visual position is shown as right.

0x011a

XResolution

unsigned rational

Display/Print resolution of image. Default value is 1/72inch, but it has no mean because personal computer doesn't use this value to display/print out.

0x011b

YResolution

unsigned rational

0x0128

ResolutionUnit

unsigned short

Unit of XResolution(0x011a)/YResolution(0x011b). '1' means no-unit, '2' means inch, '3' means centimeter. Default value is '2'(inch).

0x0131

Software

ascii string

Shows firmware(internal software of digicam) version number.

0x0132

DateTime

ascii string

Date/Time of image was last modified. Data format is "YYYY:MM:DD HH:MM:SS"+0x00, total 20bytes. If clock has not set or digicam doesn't have clock, the field may be filled with spaces. In usual, it has the same value of DateTimeOriginal(0x9003)

0x013e

WhitePoint

unsigned rational

Defines chromaticity of white point of the image. If the image uses CIE Standard Illumination D65(known as international standard of 'daylight'), the values are '3127/10000,3290/10000'.

0x013f

PrimaryChromaticities

unsigned rational

Defines chromaticity of the primaries of the image. If the image uses CCIR Recommendation 709 primaries, values are '640/1000,330/1000,300/1000,600/1000,150/1000,0/1000'.

0x0211

YCbCrCoefficients

unsigned rational

When image format is YCbCr, this value shows a constant to translate it to RGB format. In usual, values are '0.299/0.587/0.114'.

0x0213

YCbCrPositioning

unsigned short

When image format is YCbCr and uses 'Subsampling'(cropping of chroma data, all the digicam do that), defines the chroma sample point of subsampling pixel array. '1' means the center of pixel array, '2' means the datum point.

0x0214

ReferenceBlackWhite

unsigned rational

Shows reference value of black point/white point. In case of YCbCr format, first 2 show black/white of Y, next 2 are Cb, last 2 are Cr. In case of RGB format, first 2 show black/white of R, next 2 are G, last 2 are B.

0x8298

ascii string

Shows copyright information

0x8769

ExifOffset

unsigned long

Offset to Exif Sub IFD

Tags used by Exif SubIFD

Tag No.

Tag Name

Format

CompoNo

Desc.

0x829a

ExposureTime

unsigned rational

Exposure time (reciprocal of shutter speed). Unit is second.

0x829d

FNumber

unsigned rational

The actual F-number(F-stop) of lens when the image was taken.

0x8822

ExposureProgram

unsigned short

Exposure program that the camera used when image was taken. '1' means manual control, '2' program normal, '3' aperture priority, '4' shutter priority, '5' program creative (slow program), '6' program action(high-speed program), '7' portrait mode, '8' landscape mode.

0x8827

ISOSpeedRatings

unsigned short

CCD sensitivity equivalent to Ag-Hr film speedrate.

0x9000

ExifVersion

undefined

Exif version number. Stored as 4bytes of ASCII character. If the picture is based on Exif V2.1, value is "0210". Since the type is 'undefined', there is no NULL(0x00) for termination.

0x9003

DateTimeOriginal

ascii string

Date/Time of original image taken. This value should not be modified by user program. Data format is "YYYY:MM:DD HH:MM:SS"+0x00, total 20bytes. If clock has not set or digicam doesn't have clock, the field may be filled with spaces. In the Exif standard, this tag is optional, but it is mandatory for DCF.

0x9004

DateTimeDigitized

ascii string

Date/Time of image digitized. Usually, it contains the same value of DateTimeOriginal(0x9003). Data format is "YYYY:MM:DD HH:MM:SS"+0x00, total 20bytes. If clock has not set or digicam doesn't have clock, the field may be filled with spaces. In the Exif standard, this tag is optional, but it is mandatory for DCF.

0x9101

ComponentsConfiguration

undefined

Shows the order of pixel data. Most of case '0x04,0x05,0x06,0x00' is used for RGB-format and '0x01,0x02,0x03,0x00' for YCbCr-format. 0x00:does not exist, 0x01:Y, 0x02:Cb, 0x03:Cr, 0x04:Red, 0x05:Green, 0x06:Bllue.

0x9102

CompressedBitsPerPixel

unsigned rational

The average compression ratio of JPEG (rough estimate).

0x9201

ShutterSpeedValue

signed rational

Shutter speed by APEX value. To convert this value to ordinary 'Shutter Speed'; calculate this value's power of 2, then reciprocal. For example, if the ShutterSpeedValue is '4', shutter speed is 1/(2⁴)=1/16 second.

0x9202

ApertureValue

unsigned rational

The actual aperture value of lens when the image was taken. Unit is APEX. To convert this value to ordinary F-number(F-stop), calculate this value's power of root 2 (=1.4142). For example, if the ApertureValue is '5', F-number is 1.4142⁵ = F5.6.

0x9203

BrightnessValue

signed rational

Brightness of taken subject, unit is APEX. To calculate Exposure(Ev) from BrigtnessValue(Bv), you must add SensitivityValue(Sv).
Ev=Bv+Sv Sv=log₂(ISOSpeedRating/3.125)
ISO100:Sv=5, ISO200:Sv=6, ISO400:Sv=7, ISO125:Sv=5.32.

0x9204

ExposureBiasValue

signed rational

Exposure bias(compensation) value of taking picture. Unit is APEX(EV).

0x9205

MaxApertureValue

unsigned rational

Maximum aperture value of lens. You can convert to F-number by calculating power of root 2 (same process of ApertureValue:0x9202).

0x9206

SubjectDistance

signed rational

Distance to focus point, unit is meter.

0x9207

MeteringMode

unsigned short

Exposure metering method. '0' means unknown, '1' average, '2' center weighted average, '3' spot, '4' multi-spot, '5' multi-segment, '6' partial, '255' other.

0x9208

LightSource

unsigned short

Light source, actually this means white balance setting. '0' means unknown, '1' daylight, '2' fluorescent, '3' tungsten, '10' flash, '17' standard light A, '18' standard light B, '19' standard light C, '20' D55, '21' D65, '22' D75, '255' other.

0x9209

Flash

unsigned short

'0' means flash did not fire, '1' flash fired, '5' flash fired but strobe return light not detected, '7' flash fired and strobe return light detected.

0x920a

FocalLength

unsigned rational

Focal length of lens used to take image. Unit is millimeter.

0x927c

MakerNote

undefined

Maker dependent internal data. Some of maker such as Olympus/Nikon/Sanyo etc. uses IFD format for this area.

0x9286

UserComment

undefined

Stores user comment. This tag allows to use two-byte character code or unicode. First 8 bytes describe the character code. 'JIS' is a Japanese character code (known as Kanji).
'0x41,0x53,0x43,0x49,0x49,0x00,0x00,0x00':ASCII
'0x4a,0x49,0x53,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00':JIS
'0x55,0x4e,0x49,0x43,0x4f,0x44,0x45,0x00':Unicode
'0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00':Undefined

0x9290

SubsecTime

ascii string

Some of digicam can take 2~30 pictures per second, but DateTime/DateTimeOriginal/DateTimeDigitized tag can't record the sub-second time. SubsecTime tag is used to record it.
For example, DateTimeOriginal = "1996:09:01 09:15:30", SubSecTimeOriginal = "130", Combined original time is "1996:09:01 09:15:30.130"

0x9291

SubsecTimeOriginal

ascii string

0x9292

SubsecTimeDigitized

ascii string

0xa000

FlashPixVersion

undefined

Stores FlashPix version. If the image data is based on FlashPix formar Ver.1.0, value is "0100". Since the type is 'undefined', there is no NULL(0x00) for termination.

0xa001

ColorSpace

unsigned short

Defines Color Space. DCF image must use sRGB color space so value is always '1'. If the picture uses the other color space, value is '65535':Uncalibrated.

0xa002

ExifImageWidth

unsigned short/long

Size of main image.

0xa003

ExifImageHeight

unsigned short/long

0xa004

RelatedSoundFile

ascii string

If this digicam can record audio data with image, shows name of audio data.

0xa005

ExifInteroperabilityOffset

unsigned long

Extension of "ExifR98", detail is unknown. This value is offset to IFD format data. Currently there are 2 directory entries, first one is Tag0x0001, value is "R98", next is Tag0x0002, value is "0100".

0xa20e

FocalPlaneXResolution

unsigned rational

Pixel density at CCD's position. If you have MegaPixel digicam and take a picture by lower resolution(e.g.VGA mode), this value is re-sampled by picture resolution. In such case, FocalPlaneResolution is not same as CCD's actual resolution.

0xa20f

FocalPlaneYResolution

unsigned rational

0xa210

FocalPlaneResolutionUnit

unsigned short

Unit of FocalPlaneXResoluton/FocalPlaneYResolution. '1' means no-unit, '2' inch, '3' centimeter.

Note:Some of Fujifilm's digicam(e.g.FX2700,FX2900,Finepix4700Z/40i etc) uses value '3' so it must be 'centimeter', but it seems that they use a '8.3mm?'(1/3in.?) to their ResolutionUnit. Fuji's BUG? Finepix4900Z has been changed to use value '2' but it doesn't match to actual value also.

0xa215

ExposureIndex

unsigned rational

Same as ISOSpeedRatings(0x8827) but data type is unsigned rational. Only Kodak's digicam uses this tag instead of ISOSpeedRating, I don't know why(historical reason?).

0xa217

SensingMethod

unsigned short

Shows type of image sensor unit. '2' means 1 chip color area sensor, most of all digicam use this type.

0xa300

FileSource

undefined

Indicates the image source. Value '0x03' means the image source is digital still camera.

0xa301

SceneType

undefined

Indicates the type of scene. Value '0x01' means that the image was directly photographed.

0xa302

CFAPattern

undefined

Indicates the Color filter array(CFA) geometric pattern.

Length	Type	Meaning
2	short	Horizontal repeat pixel unit = n
2	short	Vertical repeat pixel unit = m
1	byte	CFA value[0,0]
:	:	:
1	byte	CFA value[n-1,0]
1	byte	CFA value[0,1]
:	:	:
1	byte	CFA value[n-1,m-1]

The relation of filter color to CFA value is shown below.

Filter Color	Red	Green	Blue	Cyan	Magenta	Yellow	White
CFA value	0	1	2	3	4	5	6

R	G
G	B

For example, ordinary RGB filter uses the repetition of left chart, the value is '0x0002,0x0002,0x00,0x01,0x01,0x02'.

Tags used by Interoperability IFD
Tag No.	Tag Name	Format	CompoNo	Desc.
0x0001	InteroperabilityIndex	Ascii string	4	If this IFD is main image's IFD and the file content is equivalent to ExifR98 v1.0, the value is "R98". If thumbnail image's, value is "THM".
0x0002	InteroperabilityVersion	Undefined	4	Records the interoperability version. "0100" means version 1.00.
0x1000	RelatedImageFileFormat	Ascii string	any	Records the file format of image file. Value is ascii string (e.g. "Exif JPEG Ver. 2.1").
0x1001	RelatedImageWidth	Short or Long	1	Records the image size.
0x1001	RelatedImageLength	Short or Long	1	Records the image size.

Tags used by IFD1 (thumbnail image)
Tag No.	Tag Name	Format	CompoNo	Desc.
0x0100	ImageWidth	unsigned short/long	1	Shows size of thumbnail image.
0x0101	ImageLength	unsigned short/long	1	Shows size of thumbnail image.
0x0102	BitsPerSample	unsigned short	3	When image format is no compression, this value shows the number of bits per component for each pixel. Usually this value is '8,8,8'
0x0103	Compression	unsigned short	1	Shows compression method. '1' means no compression, '6' means JPEG compression.
0x0106	PhotometricInterpretation	unsigned short	1	Shows the color space of the image data components. '1' means monochrome, '2' means RGB, '6' means YCbCr.
0x0111	StripOffsets	unsigned short/long		When image format is no compression, this value shows offset to image data. In some case image data is striped and this value is plural.
0x0115	SamplesPerPixel	unsigned short	1	When image format is no compression, this value shows the number of components stored for each pixel. At color image, this value is '3'.
0x0116	RowsPerStrip	unsigned short/long	1	When image format is no compression and image has stored as strip, this value shows how many rows stored to each strip. If image has not striped, this value is the same as ImageLength(0x0101).
0x0117	StripByteConunts	unsigned short/long		When image format is no compression and stored as strip, this value shows how many bytes used for each strip and this value is plural. If image has not stripped, this value is single and means whole data size of image.
0x011a	XResolution	unsigned rational	1	Display/Print resolution of image. Large number of digicam uses 1/72inch, but it has no mean because personal computer doesn't use this value to display/print out.
0x011b	YResolution	unsigned rational	1
0x011c	PlanarConfiguration	unsigned short	1	When image format is no compression YCbCr, this value shows byte aligns of YCbCr data. If value is '1', Y/Cb/Cr value is chunky format, contiguous for each subsampling pixel. If value is '2', Y/Cb/Cr value is separated and stored to Y plane/Cb plane/Cr plane format.
0x0128	ResolutionUnit	unsigned short	1	Unit of XResolution(0x011a)/YResolution(0x011b). '1' means inch, '2' means centimeter.
0x0201	JpegIFOffset	unsigned long	1	When image format is JPEG, this value show offset to JPEG data stored.
0x0202	JpegIFByteCount	unsigned long	1	When image format is JPEG, this value shows data size of JPEG image.
0x0211	YCbCrCoefficients	unsigned rational	3	When image format is YCbCr, this value shows constants to translate it to RGB format. In usual, '0.299/0.587/0.114' are used.
0x0212	YCbCrSubSampling	unsigned short	2	When image format is YCbCr and uses subsampling(cropping of chroma data, all the digicam do that), this value shows how many chroma data subsampled. First value shows horizontal, next value shows vertical subsample rate.
0x0213	YCbCrPositioning	unsigned short	1	When image format is YCbCr and uses 'Subsampling'(cropping of chroma data, all the digicam do that), this value defines the chroma sample point of subsampled pixel array. '1' means the center of pixel array, '2' means the datum point(0,0).
0x0214	ReferenceBlackWhite	unsigned rational	6	Shows reference value of black point/white point. In case of YCbCr format, first 2 show black/white of Y, next 2 are Cb, last 2 are Cr. In case of RGB format, first 2 show black/white of R, next 2 are G, last 2 are B.

Misc Tags
Tag No.	Tag Name	Format	CompoNo	Desc.
0x00fe	NewSubfileType	unsigned long	1
0x00ff	SubfileType	unsigned short	1
0x012d	TransferFunction	unsigned short	3
0x013b	Artist	ascii string
0x013d	Predictor	unsigned short	1
0x0142	TileWidth	unsigned short	1
0x0143	TileLength	unsigned short	1
0x0144	TileOffsets	unsigned long
0x0145	TileByteCounts	unsigned short
0x014a	SubIFDs	unsigned long
0x015b	JPEGTables	undefined
0x828d	CFARepeatPatternDim	unsigned short	2
0x828e	CFAPattern	unsigned byte
0x828f	BatteryLevel	unsigned rational	1
0x83bb	IPTC/NAA	unsigned long
0x8773	InterColorProfile	undefined
0x8824	SpectralSensitivity	ascii string
0x8825	GPSInfo	unsigned long	1
0x8828	OECF	undefined
0x8829	Interlace	unsigned short	1
0x882a	TimeZoneOffset	signed short	1
0x882b	SelfTimerMode	unsigned short	1
0x920b	FlashEnergy	unsigned rational	1
0x920c	SpatialFrequencyResponse	undefined
0x920d	Noise	undefined
0x9211	ImageNumber	unsigned long	1
0x9212	SecurityClassification	ascii string	1
0x9213	ImageHistory	ascii string
0x9214	SubjectLocation	unsigned short	4
0x9215	ExposureIndex	unsigned rational	1
0x9216	TIFF/EPStandardID	unsigned byte	4
0xa20b	FlashEnergy	unsigned rational	1
0xa20c	SpatialFrequencyResponse	unsigned short	1
0xa214	SubjectLocation	unsigned short	1

Appendix 1: MakerNote of Olympus Digicams

The data below is analyzed at Olympus D450Z(C-920Z) by Peter Esherick.

MakerNote of Olympus Digicam starts from ASCII string "OLYMP". Data format is the same as IFD, but it starts from offset 0x07. Example of actual data structure is shown below.

:0000: 4F 4C 59 4D 50 00 01 00-0B 00 00 02 04 00 03 00  OLYMP...........
:0010: 00 00 0E 04 00 00 01 02-03 00 01 00 00 00 03 00  ................

Tag No.	Tag Name	Format	CompoNo	Value
0x0200	SpecialMode	Unsigned Long	3	Shows picture taking mode. First value means 0=normal, 1=unknown, 2=fast, 3=panorama. Second value means sequence number, third value means panorama direction, 1=left to right, 2=right to left, 3=bottom to top, 4=top to bottom.
0x0201	JpegQual	Unsigned Short	1	Shows JPEG quality. 1=SQ,2=HQ,3=SHQ.
0x0202	Macro	Unsigned Short	1	Shows Macro mode or not. 0=normal, 1=macro.
0x0203	Unknown	Unsigned Short	1	Unknown
0x0204	DigiZoom	Unsigned Rational	1	Shows Digital Zoom ratio. 0=normal, 2=digital 2x zoom.
0x0205	Unknown	Unsigned Rational	1	Unknown
0x0206	Unknown	Signed Short	6	Unknown
0x0207	SoftwareRelease	Ascii string	5	Shows Firmware version.
0x0208	PictInfo	Ascii string	52	Contains ASCII format data such as [PictureInfo]. This is the same data format of older Olympus digicam that not used Exif data format (C1400/C820/D620/D340 etc).
0x0209	CameraID	Undefined	32	Contains CameraID data, which is user changeable by some utilities
0x0f00	DataDump	Unsigned Long	30	Unknown

Appendix 2: MakerNote of Nikon

There are 2 formats of Nikon's MakerNote. MakerNote of E700/E800/E900/E900S/E910/E950 starts from ASCII string "Nikon". Data format is the same as IFD, but it starts from offset 0x08. This is the same as Olympus except start string. Example of actual data structure is shown below.

:0000: 4E 69 6B 6F 6E 00 01 00-05 00 02 00 02 00 06 00 Nikon...........
:0010: 00 00 EC 02 00 00 03 00-03 00 01 00 00 00 06 00 ................

Tag No.	Tag Name	Format	CompoNo	Value
0x0002	Unknown	Ascii string	6	Unknown. E900/E900S/E910:"09.41", others:"08.00".
0x0003	Quality	Unsigned short	1	Shows quality setting. At E900, 1:VGA Basic, 2:VGA Normal, 3:VGA Fine, 4:SXGA Basic, 5:SXGA Normal, 6:SXGA Fine
0x0004	Color Mode	Unsigned short	1	1:Color, 2:Monochrome.
0x0005	Image Adjustment	Unsigned short	1	0:Normal, 1:Bright+, 2:Bright-, 3:Contrast+, 4:Contrast-.
0x0006	CCD Sensitivity	Unsigned short	1	0:ISO80, 2:ISO160, 4:ISO320, 5:ISO100
0x0007	White balance	Unsigned short	1	0:Auto, 1:Preset, 2:Daylight, 3:Incandescense, 4:Fluorescence, 5:Cloudy, 6:SpeedLight
0x0008	Focus	Unsigned rational	1	If infinite focus, value is '1/0'.
0x0009	Unknown	Ascii string	20	Unknown
0x000a	Digital Zoom	Unsigned rational	1	'160/100' means 1.6x digital zoom, '0/100' means no digital zoom (optical zoom only).
0x000b	Converter	Unsigned short	1	If Fisheye Converter is used, value is '1'.
0x0f00	Unknown	Unsigned long	25~30	Unknown

At E990, there is no Ascii string. As like the usual IFD (e.g. IFD0, SubIFD), IFD starts from the first byte of data. Nikon D1 also uses this format. Example of actual data structure is shown below.

:0000: 10 00 01 00 07 00 04 00-00 00 00 01 00 00 02 00  ................
:0010: 03 00 02 00 00 00 00 00-64 00 03 00 02 00 06 00  ........d.......

The data below is analyzed by Max Lyons .

Tag No.	Tag Name	Format	CompoNo	Value
0x0001	Unknown	Undefined	4	Unknown. Always "0100". version?
0x0002	ISO Setting	Unsigned short	2	0,100=ISO 100 0,200=ISO200 0,400=ISO400 etc.
0x0003	Color Mode	Ascii string	varies	"COLOR", "B&W"
0x0004	Quality	Ascii string	varies	"NORMAL", "FINE", "BASIC"
0x0005	Whitebalance	Ascii string	varies	"AUTO", "WHITE PRESET" etc.
0x0006	Image Sharpening	Ascii string	varies	"AUTO", "HIGH" etc.
0x0007	Focus Mode	Ascii string	varies	"AF-S" means Single AF, "AF-C" means Continuous AF.
0x0008	Flash Setting	Ascii string	varies	"NORMAL", "RED-EYE" etc.
0x000a	Unknown	Unsigned rational	1	Unknown, Always '8832/1000'?
0x000f	ISO Selection	Ascii string	varies	"MANUAL":User selected, "AUTO":Automatically selected.
0x0080	Image Adjustment	Ascii string	varies	"AUTO", "NORMAL", "CONTRAST(+)" etc.
0x0082	Adapter	Ascii string	varies	"OFF", "FISHEYE 2", "WIDE ADAPTER" etc.
0x0085	Manual Focus Distance	Unsigned rational	1	Distance in Meters if focus was manually selected, otherwise 0
0x0086	Digital Zoom	Unsigned rational	1	'100/100' means no digital zoom (optical zoom only), '140/100' means 1.4x digital zoom.
0x0088	AF Focus Position	Undefined	4	'0,0,0,0':Center, '0,1,0,0':Top, '0,2,0,0':Bottom, '0,3,0,0':Left, '0,4,0,0':right
0x0010	Data Dump	Undefined	174	Unknown.

Appendix 3: MakerNote of Casio

Casio started to use Exif format from QV2000/QV8000. Casio's MakerNote format is the same as usual IFD (e.g. IFD0, SubIFD0). Example of actual data structure is shown below.

:0000: 00 14 00 01 00 03 00 00-00 01 00 0A 00 00 00 02 ................
:0010: 00 03 00 00 00 01 00 03-00 00 00 03 00 03 00 00 ................

The data below is analyzed by Eckhard Henkel .

Tag No.	Tag Name	Format	CompoNo	Value
0x0001	RecordingMode	Unsigned Short	1	1:Single Shutter, 2:Panorama, 3:Night Scene, 4:Portrait, 5:Landscape
0x0002	Quality	Unsigned Short	1	1:Economy, 2:Normal, 3:Fine
0x0003	Focusing Mode	Unsigned Short	1	2:Macro, 3:Auto Focus, 4:Manual Focus, 5:Infinity
0x0004	Flash Mode	Unsigned Short	1	1:Auto, 2:On, 3:Off, 4:Red Eye Reduction
0x0005	Flash Intensity	Unsigned Short	1	11:Weak, 13:Normal, 15:Strong
0x0006	Object distance	Unsigned Long	1	Object distance in [mm]
0x0007	White Balance	Unsigned Short	1	1:Auto, 2:Tungsten, 3:Daylight, 4:Fluorescent, 5:Shade, 129:Manual
0x0008	Unknown	Unsigned short	1	Unknown
0x0009	Unknown	Unsigned short	1	Unknown
0x000a	Digital Zoom	Unsigned Long	1	0x10000(65536):'Off', 0x10001(65537):'2X Digital Zoom'
0x000b	Sharpness	Unsigned Short	1	0:Normal, 1:Soft, 2:Hard
0x000c	Contrast	Unsigned Short	1	0:Normal, 1:Low, 2:High
0x000d	Saturation	Unsigned Short	1	0:Normal, 1:Low, 2:High
0x000e	Unknown	Unsigned short	1	Unknown
0x000f	Unknown	Unsigned short	1	Unknown
0x0010	Unknown	Unsigned short	1	Unknown
0x0011	Unknown	Unsigned long	1	Unknown
0x0012	Unknown	Unsigned short	1	Unknown
0x0013	Unknown	Unsigned short	1	Unknown
0x0014	CCD Sensitivity	Unsigned short	1	QV3000: 64:Normal, 125:+1.0, 250:+2.0, 244:+3.0 QV8000/2000: 80:Normal, 100:High

Appendix 4: MakerNote of Fujifilm

Fujifilm's digicam added the MakerNote tag from the Year2000's model (e.g.Finepix1400,Finepix4700). It uses IFD format and start from ASCII character 'FUJIFILM', and next 4 bytes(value 0x000c) points the offset to first IFD entry. Example of actual data structure is shown below.

:0000: 46 55 4A 49 46 49 4C 4D-0C 00 00 00 0F 00 00 00 :0000: FUJIFILM........
:0010: 07 00 04 00 00 00 30 31-33 30 00 10 02 00 08 00 :0010: ......0130......

There are two big differences to the other manufacturers.

Fujifilm's Exif data uses Motorola align, but MakerNote ignores it and uses Intel align.
The other manufacturer's MakerNote counts the "offset to data" from the first byte of TIFF header (same as the other IFD), but Fujifilm counts it from the first byte of MakerNote itself.

I think it's a BUG, but it can't be helped now... The data below is analyzed at Fujifilm FinePix4900Z.

Tag No.	Tag Name	Format	CompoNo	Value
0x0000	Version	Undefined	4	Version of MakerNote information. At present, value is "0130".
0x1000	Quality	Ascii string	8	Quality setting. Ascii string "BASIC","NORMAL","FINE"
0x1001	Sharpness	Unsigned Short	1	Sharpness setting. 1or2:soft, 3:normal, 4or5:hard.
0x1002	White Balance	Unsigned Short	1	White balance setting. 0:Auto, 256:Daylight, 512:Cloudy, 768:DaylightColor-fluorescence, 769:DaywhiteColor-fluorescence, 770:White-fluorescence, 1024:Incandenscense, 3840:Custom white balance.
0x1003	Color	Unsigned Short	1	Chroma saturation setting. 0:normal(STD), 256:High, 512:Low(ORG).
0x1004	Tone	Unsigned Short	1	Contrast setting. 0:normal(STD), 256:High(HARD), 512:Low(ORG).
0x1010	Flash Mode	Unsigned Short	1	Flash firing mode setting. 0:Auto, 1:On, 2:Off, 3:Red-eye reduction.
0x1011	Flash Strength	Signed Rational	1	Flash firing strength compensation setting. Unit is APEX(EV) and value is -6/10, -3/10, 0/10, 3/10, 6/10 etc.
0x1020	Macro	Unsigned Short	1	Macro mode setting. 0:Off, 1:On.
0x1021	Focus mode	Unsigned short	1	Focusing mode setting. 0:Auto focus, 1:Manual focus.
0x1030	SlowSync.	Unsigned short	1	Slow synchro mode setting. 0:Off, 1:On.
0x1031	Picture Mode	Unsigned short	1	Picture mode setting. 0:Auto, 1:Portrait scene, 2:Landscape scene, 4:Sports scene, 5:Night scene, 6:Program AE, 256:Aperture prior AE, 512:Shutter prior AE, 768:Manual exposure.
0x1032	unknown	Unsigned Short	1	Unknown
0x1100	ContTake/Bracket	Unsigned Short	1	Continuous taking or auto bracketting mode setting. 0:off, 1:on.
0x1200	unknown	Unsigned Short	1	Unknown
0x1300	Blur warning	Unsigned Short	1	Blur warning status. 0:No blur warning, 1:Blur warning.
0x1301	Focus warning	Unsigned short	1	Auto Focus warning status. 0:Auto Focus good, 1:Out of focus.
0x1302	AE warning	Unsigned short	1	Auto Exposure warning status. 0:AE good, 1:Over exposure (>1/1000s,F11).

Appendix 5: MakerNote of Canon

The data below was primarily analysed by David Burren and the master version of this information is available at: http://www.burren.cx/david/canon.html. Please send any updates to David.
This document is based on his Rev.1.11(2001/01/30) of document.

Canon's MakerNote data is in IFD format, starting at offset 0.

Some of these tags and fields are only produced on cameras such as the EOS D30, but (to current observation) all this is valid for all Canon digicams (at least since the A50). If the tag is not found, or is shorter than shown here, it simply means that data is not supported by that camera.

Tag No.

Tag Name

Format

CompoNo

Value

0x0

Unknown

Unsigned Short

Always 0

0x1

Unknown

Unsigned Short

varies

Offset within tag	Meaning
0	Length of tag in bytes (i.e. twice the number of shorts)
1	Macro mode	1: macro 2: normal
2	If non-zero, length of self-timer in 10ths of a second
3	unknown
4	Flash mode	0: flash not fired 1: auto 2: on 3: red-eye reduction 4: slow synchro 5: auto + red-eye reduction 6: on + red-eye reduction 16: external flash (not set on D30)
5	Continuous drive mode	0: single or timer (see field 2) 1: continuous
6	unknown
7	Focus Mode	0: One-Shot 1: AI Servo 2: AI Focus 3: MF 4: Single (but check field 32) 5: Continuous 6: MF
8, 9	unknown
10	Image size	0: large 1: medium 2: small
11	"Easy shooting" mode	0: Full Auto 1: Manual 2: Landscape 3: Fast Shutter 4: Slow Shutter 5: Night 6: B&W 7: Sepia 8: Portrait 9: Sports 10: Macro / Close-Up 11: Pan Focus
12	unknown
13	Contrast	0xffff: low 0x0000: normal 0x0001: high
14	Saturation	0xffff: low 0x0000: normal 0x0001: high
15	Sharpness	0xffff: low 0x0000: normal 0x0001: high
16	ISO	If zero, use ISOSpeedRatings EXIF tag instead 15: auto 16: 50 17: 100 18: 200 19: 400
17	Metering mode	3: Evaluative 4: Partial 5: Center-weighted
18	unknown
19	AF point selected	0x3000: none (MF) 0x3001: auto-selected 0x3002: right 0x3003: center 0x3004: left
20	Exposure mode	0: "Easy shooting" (use field 11) 1: Program 2: Tv-priority 3: Av-priority 4: Manual 5: A-DEP
21, 22	unknown
23	"long" focal length of lens (in "focal units")
24	"short" focal length of lens (in "focal units")
25	"focal units" per mm
26 - 28	unknown
29	Flash details	Bits 15..0: 14: external E-TTL 13: internal flash 11: FP sync used 4: FP sync enabled other bits unknown
30 - 31	unknown
32	Focus mode	G1 seems to use this in preference to field 7 0: Single 1: Continuous

0x3

Unknown

Unsigned Short

unknown

0x4

Unknown

Unsigned Short

varies

Offset within tag	Meaning
0	Length of tag in bytes (i.e. twice the number of shorts)
1 - 6	unknown
7	White balance	0: auto 1: Sunny 2: Cloudy 3: Tungsten 4: Flourescent 5: Flash 6: Custom
8	unknown
9	Sequence number (if in a continuous burst)
10 - 13	unknown
14	AF point used	Only set in One-Shot mode? If none used, AF failed or manual focus was used (e.g. on a lens with full-time manual focus) Bits 15..0: 15-12: number of available focus points 2: left 1: center 0: right
15	Flash bias	0xffc0: -2 EV 0xffcc: -1.67 EV 0xffd0: -1.50 EV 0xffd4: -1.33 EV 0xffe0: -1 EV 0xffec: -0.67 EV 0xfff0: -0.50 EV 0xfff4: -0.33 EV 0x0000: 0 EV 0x000c: 0.33 EV 0x0010: 0.50 EV 0x0014: 0.67 EV 0x0020: 1 EV 0x002c: 1.33 EV 0x0030: 1.50 EV 0x0034: 1.67 EV 0x0040: 2 EV
16 - 18	unknown
19	Subject Distance	Units are either 0.01m or 0.001m (both have been observed). Still investigating. In any case, the SubjectDistance EXIF tag is set by Canon cameras.

0x6

Image type

Ascii string

e.g.: "IMG:EOS D30 JPEG"
Has trailing whitespace.

0x7

Firmware version

Ascii string

May have trailing NULs and whitespace.

0x8

Image Number

Unsigned Long

Normally reported as FFF-XXXX.
FFF is this value divided by 1000, XXXX is this value mod 1000.

0x9

Owner name

Ascii string

May have trailing NULs and whitespace.

0xa

Unknown

Unsigned Short

varies

unknown

0xc

Camera serial number

Unsigned Long

High 16 bits are printed as a 4-digit hex number.
Low 16 bits are printed as a 5-digit decimal number.
These are concatenated to form the serial number. Example printf() format string would be "%04X%05d".

0xd

Unknown

Unsigned Short

varies

unknown

0xf

Custom Functions

Unsigned Short

varies

First short is the number of bytes in the tag (i.e. twice the number of shorts)
For each other value: the top 8 bits are the C.Fn number, and the lower 8 bits are the value.

EOS D30 Custom Functions

C.Fn	Name	Value
1	Long exposure noise reduction	0: Off 1: On
2	Shutter/AE-lock buttons	0: AF/AE lock 1: AE lock/AF 2: AF/AF lock 3: AE+release/AE+AF
3	Mirror lockup	0: Disable 1: Enable
4	Tv/Av and exposure level	0: 1/2 stop 1: 1/3 stop
5	AF-assist light	0: On (auto) 1: Off
6	Shutter speed in Av mode	0: Automatic 1: 1/200 (fixed)
7	AEB sequence/auto cancellation	0: 0, -, + / Enabled 1: 0, -, + / Disabled 2: -, 0, + / Enabled 3: -, 0, + / Disabled
8	Shutter curtain sync	0: 1st-curtain sync 1: 2nd-curtain sync
9	Lens AF stop button Fn. Switch	0: AF stop 1: Operate AF 2: Lock AE and start timer
10	Auto reduction of fill flash	0: Enable 1: Disable
11	Menu button return position	0: Top 1: Previous (volatile) 2: Previous
12	SET button func. when shooting	0: Not assigned 1: Change quality 2: Change ISO speed 3: Select parameters
13	Sensor cleaning	0: Disable 1: Enable

History

rev. 1.4

Added Makernote of Canon
Added Color/Tone TAGs to Fujifilm's makernote

rev. 1.3

Added Exif2.1 specification
Added Makernote of Fujifilm

rev. 1.2

Added DCF specification
Added Interoperability IFD
Added Makernote of Nikon/Casio

rev. 1.1

Added byte align explanation to TAG Mark of TIFF header
Corrected data format of some TAGs to "unsigned short/long"
Corrected value of FocalPlaneResolutionUnit
Added Appendix 1: MakerNote of Olympus

rev. 1.0

First release

Acknowledgement

I would like to thank to;

Daniel Switkin: Byte align of TAG Mark, Format of ImageWidth/ImageLength
Peter Esherick: MakerNote of Olympus
Matthias Wandel: Value of FocalPlaneResolutionUnit
Max Lyons: Makernote of Nikon  ...His webpage
Eckhard Henkel: Makernote of Casio  ...His webpage
David Burren: FocalPlaneResolutionUnit of Fujifilm's / Makernote of Canon  ...His webpage